If the illuminance of the typesetting workshop is reduced from 200 lux to 20 lux, the efficiency of the typesetting is reduced by 25%, and the error rate is doubled. Illumination is even more important for safe production. Poor lighting in the working environment makes it easy for workers to accept incorrect information, leading to judgment errors and operational errors, and triggering accidents.
According to statistics, work accidents caused directly or indirectly by poor lighting account for 25% of the total. This percentage is considerable.
There are two main requirements for lighting in the working environment: one is the illuminance requirement mentioned above; the other is the quality requirement of the light itself, including uniform light, stable light (no stroboscopic phenomenon), and good light color effect ( Does not cause color distortion of the object to be illuminated), does not cause glare, and the like. Then, to improve the lighting conditions of the working environment, what are the specific requirements in the choice and layout of the light source, the following recommendations, it is worthy of the attention of safety workers.
In order to maintain the vision of workers above the level of visual impairment, countries around the world have established uniform standards for the minimum illumination required for various operations. In general, as the fineness of work (quantified by the minimum size of the identified object) increases, the illuminance required on the work surface also increases. For example, China's "standard value of illumination on the work surface of the production workshop" stipulates that: engaged in general work. In the case of hybrid lighting (lighting combined with general lighting and partial lighting), the minimum illumination requirement is 150 lux; for fine work, the minimum illumination should be 300-500 lux under mixed lighting conditions.
As the cell of the enterprise, the importance of the safety management of the team is not necessary. (Speaking. Safety management is the fundamental guarantee and j foundation of all work in the enterprise. It is rigid management, and j is not a case for example. !
In the inter-department work, as the forefront of the implementation and operation of various safety regulations and chapters, the safety management of the team is always plagued by all kinds of “good old peopleâ€.
The reason is responsible for the team leader.
The refusal of security management is first and foremost a double standard of one class. Personal likes and dislikes and relatives have determined the randomness and stagnation of their execution system. Treating "pro-safety and health: to the person who is punished by punishment, and the top of it! When it is true, it is often guilty, only to be blind, only to take the eyes of the "lower standards and muddy" old man." Over time, the system In this group, it will be ineffective.
The second is that when there is an imbalance between the team leader and the implementation scale, a small number of narrow sunlight is the most energy-saving source. Daylight is also the best source of light, and the use of more daylight in the work environment helps to improve the distribution of light, eliminating or reducing shadows. According to reports, the number of accidents in the winter in the industrial sectors such as foundry, shipbuilding and machinery manufacturing in the UK is almost twice that in summer. One of the main reasons is that the winter sunshine time is short, the brightness is weak, and a large number of artificial light sources are used in the workshop, while artificial lighting Some inherent defects, such as poor uniform distribution of light, can produce shadows, which increase the contrast between the observed object and the background brightness, making it difficult for safe work.
In order to make full use of daylight, you should pay attention to the following points: clean the window, increase the transparency of the glass; enlarge the window area or set the window to a higher position; where the worker works or places the machine, choose as much as possible A place where more sunlight can be absorbed; a skylight made of translucent material is installed on the ceiling of the workshop.
Third, the workplace wall and ceiling with different shades of light have different light reflectivity, while white has the highest reflectivity for light, can reach more than 90%. Therefore, absorbing the same intensity of light, the room decorated in white or light to achieve a brighter lighting effect. Moreover, because white has a refreshing and relaxing psychological effect, white walls and ceilings can make the room more comfortable and pleasant, which helps to improve the efficiency of workers.
In order to achieve the effect of light distribution in the workshop, the contrast between the wall and the ceiling should be avoided. It is best to decorate the ceiling with white, the walls are light in color, and it is not appropriate to use shiny dazzling paint or decorative materials to avoid Reflecting glare. In addition, the lighting device should be designed with an upper opening so that not only the ceiling can be illuminated, but also a more uniform light distribution and less dust accumulation.
Where it is possible to illuminate enough lighting in practice, people tend to overlook the lighting needs of corridors, passages, stairwells, warehouses, etc. that sunlight cannot directly reach, although the lighting requirements in these places can be lower than in the production workshop, but Sufficient lighting should be maintained to ensure safe walking and cargo transportation. In workplaces where the light is weak and there is a high degree of difference, the surfaces of different heights should be marked with different distinct colors to make the difference in height clear. In hazardous workplaces, remove obstacles that impair the normal distribution of light and eliminate all shadows that may cause an accident. Since it takes a while for the vision to adapt to the new environment from darkness to brightness, in the layout of artificial light sources, changes in the brightness of corridors, passages, stairwells, warehouses, and workshops should be minimized.
5. Providing local illumination for jobs requiring high-intensity illumination. Positions for precision work or inspection work require greater illumination than general production or office work. Installing local illumination at these workplaces can greatly improve the efficiency and safety of precision work. Sex. The following problems should be noted when setting the local illumination: 1. The local illumination source should be installed with a deep lampshade or a calender, and the matt color should be painted on the inside of the lampshade and on the light barrier to avoid strong direct glare and reflected glare; Need to identify the color of the work, local lighting should use fluorescent lamps; 3, local illumination illuminance, in addition to considering the precision of the work itself, but also consider the age factor of the workers, the greater the age, the greater the illuminance required. For example, an old worker who is 60 years old can comfortably see a printed tax bill that requires more than five times more illumination than a 20-year-old worker; 4. A high visual speed requirement (ie, a short time required to see an object) The work, such as testing the tiny defects of the product on the assembly line, requires more illumination than normal work; 5. Combine local illumination with general illumination so that the contrast between the workbench, the working point and the background is not is too big.
The concept of group interests is flooding. Some team leaders are afraid that they will be too strict, and they will offend their class members and influence their work.
The practice of accommodating various violations of this class, playing the system of the edge of the ball, resulting in the overall decline in the safety management level of the team.
The third is that the team leader's personal psychological quality and behavioral performance are not good, and the workers are afraid of the tail, so they are allowed to violate the rules of the team members.
This "good old man" has lost basic professional ethics.
The fourth reason is that the management enthusiasm of the squad leader is also being contused. As a middle-level manager of a company, no matter from subjective wishes or objective results, it will certainly not be taken lightly on security issues. However, when the task is urgent, when the benefit indicators are not finished, there are always individual leaders who intentionally or unintentionally emphasize more production, reminding that there is less safety; checking the production progress and rounding the eyes, rectifying the safety hazards but only closing their eyes. The team leader was embarrassed, so he followed suit, not to mention the realism in management.
- Safety and health All these are the enemy of the safety management of the team. When they are treated with drugs: continue to learn, raise awareness, recognize the hazards; continue education, improve quality, take the lead in strict practice; strictly manage and refine operations, Associated with assessment. In short, let the field; in the face of the facts no retreat, in order to move this roadblock, so that the team security management is truly implemented.
(Marvin)
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