The authenticity of gold and silverware mainly includes two aspects, one is the identification of its material texture, and the other is the identification of its manufacturing age. According to the current scientific and technological means, the identification of the texture of gold and silver can be made more accurately. The identification of the texture of gold and silver materials has accumulated some simple and easy methods from experience.
First of all, the density of gold is large. Generally speaking, for metal objects of the same volume, gold products are much heavier, and products that are too light must be fakes. Secondly, gold and silver have small hardness, soft texture and strong ductility. The metal object is gently stroked on the gold and silver products, generally leaving the dent as the genuine product, leaving the scratches as fakes; again, the chemical properties of gold and silver are relatively stable, especially gold, which is not easily oxidized in the air. Copper and iron products are easy to oxidize and rust. Gold has a constant color in an acidic solution, and copper products lose their luster when exposed to nitric acid. If it is gold-plated, the surface of the gold plating is easy to fall off, not only the detached part is easy to rust, even if the gold-plated surface is easily covered by copper.
Of course, when the ancient gold and silverware were unearthed, some of the surface was covered with copper rust, especially silver. This situation is due to the fact that the gold and silverware was exposed to other corroded copper before being unearthed, such as being buried with the bronzes and contaminated with copper rust. Another reason is that the texture of most silverware in ancient times was a copper alloy containing a certain composition. When copper was oxidized and etched, a copper rust coating layer was formed on the silverware. However, most of this situation can be treated by descaling to restore the original appearance of the utensils. In addition, experienced people can also distinguish the authenticity of gold and silverware by the sound, taste, color and feel of the utensils. However, this requires an accumulation of rich practical experience.
In addition, unlike the forgery of ancient copper, jade and other artifacts, the most common form of counterfeit gold and silver is to falsify the material texture, mostly for the purpose of seeking high profits. It is still rare to be a pseudo-person in the age. This also leads to the identification of the gold and silver ages. It is insufficient in theory or practical experience, and lacks systematic research and experience summarization in this respect.
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