Our reporter He Lansheng Zheng Jinghong Yu Xianfeng Cui Li Dong Wenlong
“In the place where the peach blossoms are blooming, there is my lovely hometown.†Hekou Village, Dandong City, Liaoning Province is the place where the song “The Place where the Peach Blossoms Bloom†was created. At the "Hawaguchi Peach Blossom Festival" in May 2016, the singer Jiang Dawei sang a place where peach blossoms bloomed, becoming a momentary story. At this time, the peach blossoms on the hillside can be clouded, the green waters of the Yalu River at the foot of the mountain are green, and the red and green waters are against each other. It is picturesque and makes people feel like they are in Wonderland. But more than that, this beautiful scenery is not only pleasant to the eye, but also creates wealth for local farmers. According to the comprehensive calculation of the local departments, the economic benefit of each peach tree is more than 5,000 yuan! The “Peach Blossom Economy†has become a microcosm of Dandong City’s structural reform of the agricultural supply side.
Recently, the reporter walked into this heroic city and explored Dandong's promotion of the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, especially the ideas, innovations, path choices and benefits of five major reform articles around "special, excellent, new, green and rich". Agricultural effectiveness.
Grab a "special" word to create a special Dandong
From the "mountain to eat mountains, eat the sea by the sea" passively accept the gift of nature, to take the initiative to stand on the characteristics, cultivate characteristics, and expand the characteristics. The re-recognition and reorientation of characteristic agriculture brings about a more concentrated and integrated benefits of advantageous industries.
Dandong’s characteristic agriculture is a gift from nature. The natural conditions of Dandong City can be summarized as “three-zone†and “three districtsâ€: along the river, along the coast, along the border, in the north, there are low mountains in Changbai Mountain, in the middle is hilly area, and in the south is coastal plain area, and diverse geographical and climatic conditions are formed. The unique agricultural industry here.
People often say that “the mountain is eaten by the mountains and the sea is eaten by the sea.†For a long time in the past, the characteristic agriculture of Dandong City was in a state of “multiple, wide, scattered,†although there were rice and fruits (strawberries, blueberries, etc.). "Sanshui" characteristic industries such as aquatic products, such as ginseng, chestnut, spicy cabbage, tussah, pine mushroom, forest frog, Liaodan black pig, cashmere goat and other special agricultural products, but mostly in the primary development stage, the competitiveness is not strong, comprehensive benefits not tall.
How to get rid of this passive state, let the characteristic agriculture improve quality and efficiency, and truly become an industry that strengthens farmers and enriches the people? Dandong City promoted the structural reform of the agricultural supply side and started the first shot in the characteristic industry!
In accordance with this line of thinking, Dandong City has done a good job in this work, especially by adjusting the agricultural structure and developing the “one county, one industryâ€. According to Liu Hongqi, director of the Dandong Municipal Agriculture Committee, Dandong City continued to reduce the corn planting area of ​​non-dominant areas by 180,000 mu, focusing on the development of small berries and facility agriculture such as strawberries and blueberries, and further forming “Donggang Strawberryâ€, “Fengcheng Chestnut†and “Kuandianâ€. Ginseng and other special agricultural products production gathering areas.
In Donggang City, the “first strawberry county in Chinaâ€, the reporter visited the “玖玖 Farm†strawberry planting cooperative. Xu Gang, head of the cooperative, said that the cooperative currently covers an area of ​​1020 mu and has 99 greenhouses. The strawberries are planted with pollution-free plants. Unified management, technical guidance, sales, fruit full, bright color. Yang Naiwen, secretary of the Donggang Municipal Party Committee, happily told reporters that the current strawberry planting area of ​​the city reached 190,000 mu and the output was 470,000 tons. The brand value of “Donggang Strawberry†has reached 4.167 billion yuan!
Similar to the strawberry in Donggang City, the planting area of ​​chestnut in Fengcheng City is 880,000 mu and the output is 56,000 tons. The area of ​​ginseng in Kuandian County is 539,500 mu and the output is 100 tons, all of which have their own unique cluster effect.
With the scale of the industry and the benefits of clustering, the fist industry has been formed, which is still not enough. The cultivation of characteristic industries is by no means an increase in the simple and low-level “quantityâ€. Instead, it must face the multi-level, high-quality and individualized demands of the market, and gradually develop into refined, creative and brand-oriented agriculture. The level of improvement increases the added value of the product.
Take the high-quality “Kuangguang Rice†produced by Dandong as an example. In the past, it was a simple package of 20 kg and 30 kg. Good products could not be sold at a good price. Now Dandong City guides enterprises to build small packages and exquisite packaging of 1 kg and 0.5 kg. In the Dandong Sanye Berry Professional Cooperative, Director Ma Tingdong said that the cooperative has created the “Shengyeguoyuan†strawberry brand. In 2015, it was selected as one of the 100 national agricultural products brands of the first 100 national cooperatives of the Ministry of Agriculture. With the brand effect, the cooperative can have the highest time of the day. Sell ​​60,000 pounds of strawberries!
Characteristic agriculture not only needs unique natural conditions, but also needs people to consciously cultivate and grow. It is necessary to make the characteristic advantage industries more concentrated and make the characteristic agricultural products more effective. Such characteristic agriculture has laid a solid foundation for Dandong's agricultural development.
Bite an "excellent" word to create a boutique Dandong
Under the new situation, the development of characteristic agriculture has shown a shift from “people without me†relying on unique resources to “people with me†relying on science and technology. This requires the transformation of scientific and technological achievements into institutional mechanisms, as well as the activation of the main body and the strengthening of the cultivation of professional farmers.
Characteristic agriculture, in the past, refers to agricultural products that are here and there are nowhere. But now with the advancement of science and technology and the development of transportation, it is difficult to have the only agricultural products produced in the same place. Take strawberry as an example. There are Dandong Donggang, Sichuan Shuangliu and Beijing Changping. How to highlight local characteristics, we must highlight a "excellent" word. Among these, the decisive factor is technology.
Dandong City has always attached importance to the important role of scientific and technological innovation in agricultural development, and it also has a very good foundation for scientific and technological innovation.
According to Song Ximei, director of the Dandong Municipal Foreign Affairs Office, there are 22 academician workstations in Dandong City, and 27 academicians of the "two houses" are introduced. About half of them are related to agriculture. In addition, there are a large number of scientific research units with strong scientific research strengths such as Dandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Dandong Strawberry Science Research Institute, Liaoning Sericulture Science Research Institute and Beilin Agricultural Research Institute.
How to inject scientific and technological strength into the creation of “excellent†specialty agricultural products? Behind this is actually the old problem of how agricultural scientific and technological achievements are transformed into agricultural productivity. Dandong City has explored a variety of scientific and technological achievements transformation mechanism such as “research and cooperationâ€, “farming and researching†and “integration of research and enterpriseâ€.
Taking Donggang City as an example, the city has established six academician workstations around rice, variegated crab, swimming crab, strawberry and rhubarb. It has introduced 9 academicians and 27 national experts to carry out 32 research and development projects. National invention patents 16. The “Jingzangxiang†strawberry variety cultivated by the researcher Zhang Yuntao has high yield, disease resistance, good taste and resistance to transportation. Through cooperation with academician workstations, Dandong City's aquaculture industry has overcome many technical problems such as artificial breeding of Huangqizi.
On the table of the Dandong people, a small silkworm cocoon has four kinds of single products, such as eggs, silkworms, dragonflies and "small gods", which show the exquisiteness of the Dandong silkworm industry. "China silkworms look at Liaoning, Liaoning silkworms look at Dandong", the strength of Dandong silkworm industry is inseparable from the Liaoning Province Sericulture Science Research Institute. Li Shuying, the chief of the Liaoning Sericulture Science Research Institute and the chief expert of the Liaoning Silkworm Innovation Team, said that the Silkworm Institute has developed a high feed efficiency and breeding of new varieties of tussah, which has changed the lack of dominant varieties and feed utilization in the past. The chaotic situation of low and serious disease has achieved good application results.
Beilin Agricultural Research Institute relies on the scientific research strength of Beilin Economic and Trade Co., Ltd., and has used more than six years to domesticate the soft jujube kiwifruit, which is known as the “king of Vcâ€. The results are directly planted by the company.
Focusing on the quality and safety of featured agricultural products, Dandong City has comprehensively strengthened the supervision of agricultural products quality and safety. At the municipal level, a comprehensive quality and safety testing center for agricultural, livestock and fishery products has been established. All counties (cities) have established a quality and safety traceability platform for agricultural products. A township and township has established a quality monitoring station for agricultural and livestock products. The quality and safety supervision and testing system for agricultural products from the field to the table has been formed throughout the region, providing a guarantee for the “creative excellence†of featured agricultural products.
It is through the innovation of institutional mechanisms that there are multiple channels for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements, which has effectively promoted the improvement of the quality of Dandong specialty agricultural products.
Dandong’s practice also pays special attention to the activation of agricultural business entities. Such as Donggang Strawberry Research Institute, Donggang Huanghai Rice District Academician Workstation, Donggang Marine Economic Development Academician Workstation, etc. According to the needs of local growers and farmers, the in-house academicians will personally provide face-to-face technical training and guidance for local growers, A group of new agricultural management entities that understand technology and operate. According to statistics, in 2016, Dandong City has cultivated 1,491 new professional farmers, 3,500 technology demonstration households, and established 7 science and technology demonstration bases.
If characteristic agriculture is a solid foundation for Dandong's agricultural development, then high-quality high-quality agriculture is the tall pillar of Dandong's agricultural development, which determines the quality of Dandong's agricultural development. It is also the strength of agricultural science and technology that can make Dandong characteristic agriculture always occupy a place in the competition.
Highlight a "new" word to create a vibrant Dandong
Whether it is "Elite" or "Toward", if agriculture wants to achieve real take-off, it must rely on the "new" power. From the production end, product channels to the end of the industry, new technologies, new models, new thinking are the “golden key†to boost the quality and efficiency of the agricultural industry and upgrade the premium.
Promote the structural reform of the supply side of agriculture. To achieve the appreciation of the whole link and the upgrading of the entire industrial chain, agriculture must rely on the new business of new agricultural industries. Especially for the agricultural industry characterized by characteristic agriculture, fine agriculture and leisure agriculture in Dandong, it is of practical significance to realize the “curve overtaking†with new technologies, new models and new thinking.
How to develop new industries in agricultural new industries? We must focus on all aspects of the entire industrial chain, such as production, circulation, and intensive processing. At the production end, it is necessary to change the way of producing agricultural products in the past, change production products into production services, and provide products to provide experience.
The “Doudou Farm†in Zhenxing District is a comprehensive agricultural and tourism complex integrating agricultural planting and agricultural tourism. According to Wang Baojun, the person in charge of the farm, the farm has a comprehensive income of 8 million yuan in agricultural planting every year, and the comprehensive income of agricultural tourism is 6 million yuan. The tourism income can be almost equal to the income from agricultural planting. This is a concrete manifestation of the provision of services and experiences in providing products.
“Zhenxing District attaches great importance to the cultivation of the comprehensive agricultural and tourism complexâ€, Zhang Jianyu, deputy head of Zhenxing District, said, “We also deeply feel the role of new industries and new business forms in improving the overall efficiency of agriculture.â€
In the sales channel of the industry chain, it is necessary to establish a direct docking channel between products and consumers through new channels, reduce intermediate links, accurately target consumer demand, and increase the added value of products.
Xiaodianzi E-Commerce Service Center of Donggang City, through the government's e-commerce platform, has connected the strawberry planting cooperatives and customers all over the country to create cartoons such as “Dian Xiaoziâ€, “Missberry†and “Persimmon Girl†suitable for young people's consumption habits. Image. Liu Yuwu, a center staff member, said: "The price of strawberries online is usually more than 50 yuan per catty. Compared with the offline sales, it will increase by 6 to 8 yuan per catty."
In fact, Xiaodianzi Town is only a microcosm of Dandong City's vigorous promotion of the e-commerce economy of agricultural products. The Dandong City has formulated a series of support policies such as “Implementation Opinions on Accelerating the Development of E-Commerce†and “Implementation Opinions on Encouraging Mass Entrepreneurship to Support Small and Micro Enterprises to Accelerate Developmentâ€. The municipal finance allocates 20 million yuan of special funds each year for the construction of e-commerce projects. We will give priority support to agriculture-related e-commerce industrial parks, agricultural products e-commerce trading platforms, rural electric merchants training and logistics warehousing and distribution projects. Dandong City also cooperated with Alibaba, JD.com and local Shuangzeng Group's e-commerce platform “Taolang.com†to promote the rapid development of rural e-commerce.
At present, Dandong City has a total of 278 rural e-commerce companies, more than 15,000 online stores, and more than 20,000 employees. In 2016, the city's e-commerce transaction volume was 4 billion yuan, of which rural e-commerce transactions accounted for more than 80%, and rural online shop users accounted for more than 30%.
At the end of the industrial chain, it is necessary to develop deep processing through the extension of the industrial chain, especially to blur the boundaries of the industry, to cultivate the six industries of the integration of the first, second and third generations, and to better enhance the value-added benefits of agricultural products.
The Shenxianyuan wine industry in Tianqiaogou Town, Kuandian County, through the deep processing of wild ginseng, makes this “Shencao†play a more magical benefit. He Bo, general manager of the company, said that the company mainly engaged in deep processing of cosmetics, ginseng wine and ginseng drinks through the introduction of deep processing equipment. Take skin care products as an example, a box of 13 pieces, priced at more than 1,100 yuan.
In addition to the development of intensive processing, Dandong City will also combine the development of characteristic town planning and tertiary production. For example, Donggang City has built a “Northern Yellow Sea Hot Spring Town†based on resources such as seawater hot springs, seafood and specialty agricultural products, while Tiandiangou “Forest Park†in Kuandian County relies on the scenery of Changbai Mountain to plant wild ginseng and leisure tourism. Combine.
With the characteristic agricultural foundation, high-quality fine agricultural pillars, the new industry and new business mode is the beam of Dandong agriculture. This has made Dandong's agricultural development even more powerful, bringing unprecedented vitality to the development of vitality.
Strengthen a "green" word to create a beautiful Dandong
Although the agricultural industry is old, its life is new, but any "new" without "green" as the background color is unsustainable. Consolidation of stocks, but also good old accounts, the rectification on the "face" requires government public input; the expansion of the increment, the new and the new, the "point" transformation needs the enterprise to act
Whether it is the development of characteristic agriculture, high-quality agriculture or the new industry of new industries, it is inseparable from the support of green ecology. The high quality of the characteristics cannot be established in the production mode of high pollution and high consumption. It is precisely the green, ecological and sustainable production methods that can create the real high-quality agriculture.
Dandong agriculture is blessed with innate conditions. Dandong is surrounded by mountains on three sides, surrounded by mountains and rivers, and has four distinct seasons. It is a beautiful city with air quality better than the national second-class level. There are more than 1,000 rivers, the per capita water is 1.6 times that of the country, and the forest coverage rate is 65.9%. The natural environment is very beautiful, which laid a good foundation for Dandong to develop green agriculture.
However, in the past development process, influenced by the big environment, Dandong Agriculture has also gone through the extensive development model of big water and big fertilizer. How is the old account owed? As a public undertaking, the government must shoulder the responsibility and work hard to pay off the old account.
In recent years, the Dandong Municipal Government has continued to promote the “Ferrous Earth Action†and the “Qingshan Projectâ€. According to reports, Dandong City's environmental protection dare to move the real grid. In 2016, 697 environmental protection violation projects were cleared and rectified, 14 polluting enterprises were closed, and 116 coal-fired boilers under 10 tons were dismantled. Continue to promote the "Wutu Project" and "Qingshan Project", invest in real money and silver, carry out the zero-growth action of chemical fertilizers and pesticides, and do a good job in soil pollution prevention and soil remediation. The overall strength of cultivated land is good, and the construction of afforestation is 15.24 million mu. 2,000 mu of artificial afforestation will be strengthened to close the ecological management of pit mines and restore ecological functions.
More and more Dandong new agricultural management entities have also taken the green ecological production mode as a conscious action.
In Kuandian County, Liaoning Lucheng Fungus Industry Co., Ltd., the reporter experienced the company's "food fungus circulation planting project." The project uses straw, miscellaneous wood, agricultural and forestry waste to grow straw mushrooms, and then uses the straw mushroom slag to add livestock fertilizer to plant Agaricus bisporus, forming a green ecological recycling environmental protection industrial chain. Let waste such as straw be “discarded into goldâ€. “When we introduced the project, there were other projects that were more efficient, but not as good as this environmental protection project.†Chairman Wang Mingqing told the reporter, “But we did not hesitate to choose this project.â€
Wu Shimin, secretary of the Kuandian County Party Committee, told the reporter: "Kuandian County has a high forest coverage rate. We pay special attention to protecting the ecological environment. In addition to the company, like Tianqiaogou 'Forest Park', planting wild ginseng, no drugs, no fertilizer. No weeding, no loosening, no artificial interference, and the respect for green ecology and nature."
In this way, the green production method is promoted, as well as the “ecological stocking†of tussah developed by Liaoning Sericulture Science Research Institute and the “pig manure-green planting†circular economy project promoted by Liaoning Shuangzeng Group.
Thus, "green" is not only the basic color of Dandong Agriculture, but also its soul. In Dandong, this has increasingly entered the practice field from people's understanding.
Falling in a "rich" word to create happiness Dandong
Whether it is "special, excellent" or "new, green", the ultimate standard for testing reforms depends on whether the peasants are rich or not. To increase the income of farmers, we must be in the whole process of reform and development. Every step of reform must set up an "alarm" to increase the income of farmers in the system design.
We will promote the structural reform of the supply side of agriculture and do a good job of "special, excellent, new, and green" articles to solve the problem of strong agriculture and increase efficiency. However, increasing farmers' income is a fundamental issue concerning the development of "who is for whom".
In practice exploration, Dandong City pays attention to strengthening the system and mechanism innovation of increasing farmers' income in the top design, designing a reasonable agricultural value-added benefit distribution mechanism, and guiding the new agricultural management entities to play a good role.
As mentioned at the beginning of this article, Hekou Village has developed the “Peach Blossom Festival†by organizing the “Peach Blossom Festivalâ€. In fact, it is through the government to build a platform to carry out various publicity and activities to attract tourists and promote local catering, hotel and other activities. The people who benefit are the local people. The same is the development of leisure farming and tourism, Donggang City, Xinyi Holiday Villa mainly engaged in ecological crop cultivation, special bird breeding and outdoor recreational sports and other leisure activities, mainly by absorbing local labor employment, increasing the wage income of local farmers.
The characteristic advantage agriculture based on the Dandong City Agricultural Development Institute, especially through the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, has shown the characteristics of higher comprehensive benefits. It is necessary to let ordinary farmers participate more and let farmers get higher profits from industrial value-added.
The tussah industry is a characteristic industry of Dandong City. Relying on the Liaoning Silkworm Institute, the institute annually teaches the most advanced tussah breeding varieties and planting techniques to local villagers. Chen Zengliang, an expert at the Silkworm Institute, said that tussah has developed diversified comprehensive utilization, about half of which is used for silk reeling, and about half is used for food and medicine. This industry also really boosted the income of local farmers. Huang Weiguo, a villager from Taipingchuan Village, Hushan Town, Kuandian County, excitedly gave the reporter an account: "In 2016, the spring silkworm moth eggs were 6 kg, 80,000 tablets, one thousand. The grain sold for 1,650 yuan. In the autumn, it sold another 90,000 yuan, with a gross income of more than 200,000 yuan a year and a net profit of 145,000 yuan."
In the “玖玖 Farmâ€, the reporter learned that the villagers transferred the land to the farm at a price of 700 yuan/mu; the farmers could contract the strawberry planting greenhouse for production, and the income could be more than 60,000 yuan in half a year; You can be responsible for sorting and packaging here during the season when strawberries are listed, and you can earn more than 100 yuan a day. With the strawberry industry alone, an ordinary farmer's family can earn more than 70,000 yuan a year. Such a mechanism allows the value-added benefits of characteristic agriculture to flow more to farmers.
Other related industries in Dandong City, such as soft jujube kiwifruit, aquatic products, chestnuts, and under-forest economic crops, relying on the further cultivation of these characteristic industries to become bigger and stronger, effectively drove a group of farmers to increase their income.
In addition to relying on leisure agriculture, special advantage agriculture, these high value-added special industries attract farmers to participate, drive farmers to increase income, and promote value-added income to farmers. In addition, there is still a part that needs to rely on poverty alleviation to achieve poverty alleviation and income increase.
The comprehensive poverty alleviation battle in Dandong City was also particularly solid. Dandong City's 139 party and government organs, 136 large-scale enterprises and 124 poor villages help each other. In 2016, Dandong City achieved 42 poverty-stricken villages and 15,000 poor people out of poverty. Donggang City and Zhen'an District completed the task of all poverty alleviation. Other urban counties are also accelerating the pace of poverty alleviation. Taking Fengcheng as an example, according to Gao Jun, secretary of the Fengcheng Municipal Party Committee, Fengcheng has 16 poverty-stricken villages according to the current poverty standards. In 2016, after various poverty alleviation measures, there were 6 villages. Achieved "catch off". The city is currently vigorously promoting the comprehensive poverty alleviation of the remaining 10 poverty-stricken villages through policies such as industrial poverty alleviation, setting up account books, education poverty alleviation, medical poverty alleviation, and protection of the bottom.
Dandong carefully built a modern agricultural “buildingâ€, and the “building†eventually lived in the thousands of farmers in Dandong, and the development results were shared and shared by them. This is also the fundamental starting point and the foothold of Dandong City to promote the structural reform of the agricultural supply side.
The green hills are more sturdy, and the green water is full of pride. Dandong, which is shaded by Hongxia Green Water, is undergoing an orderly advancement in the agricultural supply-side structural reforms around the five articles of “Special, Excellent, New, Green, and Richâ€. Dandong Agriculture is showing great vitality, like a “Dinghai Shenzhenâ€, which firmly supports the city. We also believe that with the deepening of the structural reform of the agricultural supply side, Dandong Agriculture and the city will certainly be more prosperous; we also wish that the "Red Oriental City" will always be booming.
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