In mid-April, a delegation from the China Cotton Textile Industry Association visited the Murray region of Australia. More than ten representatives from cotton textile companies and cotton suppliers and local cotton companies carried out the cultivation, picking, processing and inspection of Australian cotton. In-depth communication.
Expected increase in production growth
All along, Australia is one of the world’s largest cotton exporters, and almost all Australian cotton is used for export. The main export destination countries are China, Vietnam, Indonesia, Thailand, India and Turkey. In recent years, with the transformation and upgrading of China's cotton textile industry, the demand for high-quality cotton continues to increase. With its quality, Australian cotton is favored by Chinese textile companies.
According to the statistics of the General Administration of Customs, from 2011 to 2015, China's total imports of Australian cotton were about 3 million tons, accounting for about 20% of the total global imports, a substantial increase from 2011. In 2015, Australia produced 523,000 tons of cotton and the net export volume was approximately 609,000 tons. From January to February of this year, China imported 20,200 tons of cotton from Australia, a substantial increase of 668% year-on-year, which is basically the same as the amount of cotton imported from India, Brazil, and the United States. It is the only import source among the top five source countries imported. Year-on-year growth.
In 2015/2016, the quality of domestic cotton declined, and there was a gap in demand for high-quality cotton. In order to ensure high-quality spinning, Australian cotton will continue to receive high attention. Since the entry into force of the China-Australia FTA, trade exchanges between the two countries have entered a new phase, and there will be greater cooperation in textile raw materials and textiles in the future.
According to reports, Australia's precipitation is not stable, which has a large impact on cotton production. The area planted this year is basically the same. Looking at current weather conditions, it is expected that the output will increase by about 10% year-on-year. The increase in production is mainly due to the increase in production this year. As of mid-April, Australia's national cotton harvesting progress has exceeded 25%.
Morley is one of Australia's main cotton producing areas. At present, the quality of cotton in the region is better than last year. The cotton that has been picked and processed is mostly one to two, and the cotton length, horse value and color grade are all better. In the northern region, due to more rainwater, the number of cottons picked and processed in the early stages was mostly four.
Lower planting costs, higher processing costs
Australia's cotton fields are owned by farmers, and there are approximately 800 cotton households nationwide. The Australian cotton planting grows 3 varieties each year, and each year, a new variety is selected for trial or improvement based on the original variety. Compared with other crops, cotton is more competitive. Therefore, when arranging for planting, farmers will leave the most fertile land for cotton. Even if it is not a suitable year for cotton cultivation, it would prefer to leave the land idle and not change crops. Other crops.
The average yield of Australian cotton is basically similar to the yield of Xinjiang Corps in China. Due to the fact that the cotton planting species are very concentrated and the same species is planted in large areas, the same production model is adopted, so the consistency of Australian cotton is very strong. From the land preparation, sowing, watering, fertilizing, spraying, to harvesting, transportation, processing, and packaging, the Australian cotton has been mechanized, with low manpower investment, and all picking machines have been used for mechanical picking. The efficiency is very high, and the per capita planting area of ​​some farms can be It has reached nearly 10,000 mu and the planting cost is relatively low. For example, there are less than 40 laborers on a farm of 500,000 mu. The picking machine will also roll seed cotton at the same time. Each round will have about 2.2 tons of seed cotton. The transporter can transport 12 rolls, ie about 26.4 tons of seed cotton, to the ginning plant at a time.
The processing costs of Australian cotton are relatively high. For example, the wages of the ginners are about RMB 150 per hour. In addition to processing, the ginners need to pay some additional fees for cotton farmers, so the total cost of ginning is higher than that of China. According to the current exchange rate, the processing cost of Australian cotton is more than 1,700 yuan per ton, and the cost of processed lint is about 10,000 yuan per ton.
Inspection agency unofficially takes bag sampling
Australia Cotton's non-government inspection agency uses a fee system. It is up to the ginning factory to decide which inspection agency to send the processed lint to. All Australian cotton will be tested during the sales period. The Australian cotton test adopts bag sampling. The cotton sample taken is divided into three parts. When the results of the three tests are different, the principle of “low on high†is used for identification. For color-level tests, when HIV instruments and manual visual inspections are disagreements, the results are based on manual visual inspection.
According to the comparison test conducted by inspection agencies, under the same storage time, the higher the color level is, the more obvious the degradation of the color level after long-term storage, but the smaller the effect on use. The experimental results show that compared with the color grade, the cotton internal index is more valuable for spinnability.
Diverse sales model The government attaches great importance
There are about 20 cotton traders in Australia. The cotton sales are mainly in three modes: first, pre-planting, for customers with stable long-term cooperative relationships, and even selling cotton after three years; second, directly after picking by cotton farmers. Sales of seed cotton; third, after cotton farmers have processed seed cotton into lint, they sell it according to testing indicators and can either sell directly to traders or sell through futures markets. The sales of the first two models are first priced based on the benchmark level, and then the premium is based on the actual delivery quality. The third model is based on actual quality indicators.
It is understood that there is no government subsidy for the cultivation of Australian cotton, but the government attaches great importance to cotton research and technology promotion. Production and scientific research are closely integrated. The government has special officials responsible for the promotion of cotton technology in all cotton-producing areas, so the new varieties and new Technology can be quickly applied in cotton production. The government pays a certain amount of “improved cotton seed funds†based on the sales volume of cotton as a research fund to improve cotton seed. There is only one cotton seed company in Australia. In terms of planting commercial insurance, the damage caused by hail is underwritten, but there is no guarantee for flood damage.
postscript
Representatives of the delegation visited the Australian cotton planting, production, picking, processing, and sales processes and learned about the whole process of the cotton structure in China. The domestic cotton market is more difficult to meet the textile industry for high quality cotton. Demand, the quality of Australian cotton has considerable advantages, to a certain extent, can fill the supply gap of domestic high-grade cotton.
The delegates hope that the Australian Cotton can maintain a stable quality and further increase its competitiveness in terms of prices, becoming one of the stable sources of cotton resources in the future development of China's textile industry. At the same time, it is also expected that China's Xinjiang cotton will increase the degree of mechanization as soon as possible, and improve cotton varieties so that Chinese cotton spinning enterprises can use domestic cotton equivalent to Australian cotton varieties.
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