Brief introduction quartz watch (quartz watch) is short for quartz electronic watch, also known as quartz watch, it includes quartz watch and quartz clock. Quartz watch is the use of quartz crystal by electric drive to produce regular vibration principle, it is thinner than the traditional mechanical watch, precision, while avoiding the need to use the mechanical winding winding on the red tape, and has been popularized. On December 25, 1969, Japan's SEIKO discovered how to make quartz into a tuning-fork and made the world's first quartz watch, bringing changes to the concept of time and social life. The application of quartz crystal makes the watch can be mass-produced, not only the production speed is much faster than before, the price also will decline. As of 2010, the world can produce about 500 million watches per year, enough for global use. The principle of quartz watch can also be called "crystal vibrating electronic watch", because it is the use of crystal film "vibration phenomenon." When the crystal is subjected to an external force, it will have the properties of deformation and expansion. On the contrary, if the crystal is compressed, it will generate electricity at both ends of the crystal. Such a property can also be seen on many crystals called "piezoelectric effect". Quartz watch is the use of periodic sustained "vibration" of the crystal, bringing us accurate time. First, the crystal in the quartz watch is energized, and the crystal vibrates correctly at a frequency of 32768 Hz; the frequency must then be converted into a signal current of 1 Hz (one change in current one second). Increase the amplitude of these signals again (due to the weak current due to vibrations), then follow these signal currents and re-start the rotor gear, the second hand on the watch will follow. After the minute hand, the beating of the hour hand is related to the principle of mechanical structure, such as: the second hand beats 60, the minute hand will jump. All quartz watches have a battery. It powers an integrated circuit and a quartz resonator, vibrating 32768 times per second. There are faster than this. The integrated circuit is the "brain" of the watch. It controls the vibration of the quartz resonator and plays the role of a divider. The 32,768 vibrations were split 15 times in half to produce a pulse per second. With a second of this time "raw material", you can drive the clock. Quartz crystal structure mainly by the quartz resonator, integrated circuits, stepper motor (for pointer), LCD screen (for digital display), watch batteries or AC power supply, in addition to conductive rubber, trimmer capacitors, lighting Bulbs, buzzers and other components. Quartz clock structural features similar to the quartz watch, but because quartz clock can use a larger capacity battery or AC power supply, so you can use the light-emitting diode to display the time, showing bright colors. Digital quartz clock can also be made of large bell, used outdoors. LCD display is only suitable for small power-saving quartz clock. In addition, most quartz quartz crystal oscillators use 4.19MHz quartz crystal resonator with good temperature and frequency characteristics, but also with 32768Hz quartz resonator; the clock is often attached to music timekeeping and other functions; stepper motor has a large output torque, etc. . These are designed to meet the larger quartz clock face, the use of complex environments. Quartz resonator Quartz resonator, also known as quartz oscillator. Made of chemically-based artificial quartz crystal SiO2, in accordance with certain cutting patterns and made by special processing. With its positive and negative piezoelectric effect and connected with the electronic circuit, you can form a quartz oscillator as a time base. General quartz watch using X +5 ° cut type, bending vibration mode, the frequency of 32768Hz tuning fork quartz resonator. Its small size, the temperature inflection point (near the inflection point with the smallest temperature change) selected at room temperature, suitable to wear on the wrist. Quartz clock is commonly used in AT cut, thickness shear vibration mode, the frequency of 4.194304MHz lenticular lens-type quartz resonator. It's good temperature characteristics, can adapt to indoor and outdoor temperature changes larger environment. Quartz resonator has a high quality factor, so it consists of quartz oscillator has a high degree of stability, can greatly improve the accuracy of travel time. The general quartz watch the difference (see the watch day difference) is less than 0.5 seconds / day, this accuracy is generally not achieved by mechanical watches. In order to further improve the stability of travel time, dual oscillator temperature compensation circuit or dual oscillator temperature compensation circuit can also be used, which can respectively reduce the travel time error to 5 seconds / month and 5 seconds / year. CMOS Integrated Circuit CMOS integrated circuit is one of the most critical components in quartz watch. Quartz watches require micro power consumption (1μA), small size and low voltage (1.5V), for which purpose must use a special large-scale CMOS integrated circuits. In pointer and digital quartz watches, CMOS does not perform exactly the same function. In the pointer quartz watch, you need to complete the oscillation, frequency, stepper motor drive and other work, the general use of medium-scale CMOS integrated circuits; digital quartz watch, in addition to complete oscillation, frequency, boost, drive LCD display and other functions, often have to finish downtown, stopwatch and other functions, so the use of large-scale CMOS integrated circuits. The integrated circuit in the quartz clock is basically similar to the quartz watch, but because the quartz clock requires more output power, the power consumption of the circuit (from tens of microamperes to hundreds of microamperes) is much larger than the quartz watch, Consumption is also larger. Stepper motor in the pointer quartz watch, the stepper motor as a transducer, the second pulse signal into a mechanical wheel rotation, driving the pointer indicates the time. Stepping motor is characterized by low power consumption, small size, high conversion efficiency, simple structure. Commonly used watches and clocks stepping motor with double eccentric, single eccentric, double-pit and single-pit and other radial magnetization of single-phase permanent magnet stepper motor, in addition to axial magnetization of double-stator step Motor. One double pit-type stator made of one, simple structure, low power consumption, wide application. Quartz clock with stepping motor is slightly larger than the quartz watch, more power consumption, a greater output torque. Stepping motor rotor magnet with coercive force, remanence density of alloy materials such as samarium-cobalt alloy, the stator commonly used permalloy, coil and more use of small diameter high-strength enameled wire. LCD screen LCD screen is a digital quartz watch and some digital quartz clock used to display the time components. Liquid crystals are crystals of certain organic compounds (such as aromatics) in a liquid state that combines the dual properties of liquids and crystals. LCD digital display is the use of liquid crystal distortion effects and polarized light generated by the effect. Each digital symbol on the LCD screen consists of 7-segment stroke design, controlled by the circuit to display different numbers. Watch battery The watch battery, also known as the button battery, is the energy of a quartz watch, which acts as a mechanical watch clockwork. It is characterized by small size, high capacity, long life, good discharge characteristics. A variety of button batteries are by the cathode, anode, electrolyte, insulation and shell 5 parts. Commonly used watch batteries are: 1. Silver oxide batteries, also known as silver-zinc batteries, the voltage is 1.55V, quartz watch is the most commonly used batteries, with high physical density and stability, there is no environmental pollution. 2. Mercury oxide batteries, also known as mercury batteries, the voltage is 1.35V. Is the earliest developed into a watch battery, due to environmental pollution, have been less used. 3. Silver oxide batteries, also known as silver batteries, voltage 1.55V. Its high capacity, but poor voltage stability. 4 lithium battery. Lithium metal for the negative, with high voltage (usually 3V), low self-discharge, save the long life characteristics. Have a wider range of applications. 5. Solar cells. Light energy can be converted into electricity. Generally have a secondary battery (nickel-cadmium batteries), as long as a short day by the sun or light can make the watch normal travel time. Quartz clocks are also commonly used solar cells. Features 1. Quartz watch travel time second hand is a jump, go very accurate, generally require a monthly difference of 15 seconds or less, there are two kinds of three-pin and two-pin. 2. The use of integrated circuits in the movement, the structure is much simpler than mechanical watch movements, the assembly is very simple. 3. Easy to use, no need to wear clockwork, a battery generally available 2-3 years. However, some quartz watches with lithium batteries, long life, available 7-8 years or so. Quartz watch price is relatively cheaper than mechanical watches (with the same style as the brand), but some high-end brand quartz watch expensive because the brand is good, the appearance of good material (18K gold or diamond or precious metal), excellent design, resulting in some quartz watch Much higher than the average mechanical watch value. Use common sense 1. Use, do not watch on the amplifier, audio, computer, TV, to avoid magnetization. After magnetization, a piece of pig iron that has not been magnetized can be wound clockwise around the watch for 30 times and then counterclockwise for 30 turns to demagnetize the watch to return the watch to normal. 2. watch water is not serious just a small amount of water in the mirror on the water mist, the watch can be wrapped in paper towels, put it inside the rice bucket, water spray over two days to clear, or the mirror, bottom shell outward, anti Wear on the wrist, two days after the water vapor can be eliminated, if serious water, it is best immediately sent to the watch shop for repair and disposal. Classification Quartz watches are mainly digital quartz watch, pointer quartz watch, automatic quartz watch and light kinetic energy watch several. Digital quartz watch Quartz crystal piezoelectric effect and the combination of liquid crystal display bipolar watch, its function is completely completed by the electronic components. Quartz quartz pointer table pointer energy from the battery, the battery to the integrated circuit to provide a specific voltage, through which the oscillation circuit and the quartz resonator oscillator quartz oscillator to form the oscillator circuit source. The formation of alternating two-way pulse signal, which drives the stepper motor for intermittent rotation! Drive the transmission train further, so that the accuracy of the indicator shows time. Automatic quartz watch set automatic mechanical watches and quartz watch advantages in one. It does not need batteries, the wearer can choose manual winding, but also choose automatic charging. Its operating principle is the use of arm movement driven pendulum rotation within the table to produce energy to promote the internal micro-motor into energy, so as to provide a quartz watch device to provide sufficient power, and excess power will be micro-capacitor storage for use . In this device, the watch does not need to be recharged when the power reserve device is fully charged. The watch lasts about a month or so, but wears at least 10 hours a day. When the second hand starts to move at two-second intervals rather than the usual one-second interval, the watch stops operating in about 24 hours, in which case swinging the watch to the sides (holding a 20-centimeter arc) for power Electricity storage device charging, when the second hand jump two seconds, the quartz watch still accurate timing. Too hard or quick to shake the watch, are not on the watch does not work, the strap on the wrist if the arm is not active, the watch still can not be charged. After many years of use, the storage capacity of the motive power storage device will decrease, and even if the watch is completely charged, the duration of the watch will be shorter than the time specified. A kinetic energy meter is a watch with a built-in system that converts light energy into electrical energy. Due to the use of batteries that do not have to be discarded, it can save a limited amount of earth resources and reduce pollution, making it a truly eco-friendly product. Light kinetic energy watch can absorb any visible light source and transformed into kinetic energy to drive the operation of the watch. Solar energy through the solar wafer into electrical energy and energy stored in the reusable rechargeable battery, and then by the battery power generated by the integrated circuit pulse signal to the coil, and the magnetic drive stepper motor, to promote gear rotation And drive the pointer to indicate the time, full of electricity can run 40-180 days in the dark, accurate travel time, rechargeable battery life of up to 10 years. Radio wave table The so-called radio wave table, the fuselage by the atomic clock and radio receiving system, issued by the national timing center accurate time, received by the radio receiving system, the CPU time after processing, radio wave table 300,000 years error will not exceed one second. Simply put, it is a kind of wristwatch that can automatically check the time after receiving the radio wave of standard time information. Radio watch is the human timing technology development course, following the hourglass, sundial, mechanical watches, quartz watches after the fifth-generation timer. The emergence of radio clock technology and products is another revolution in human time history. Smart Watch Smart Watch is a smart watch with built-in intelligent system, equipped with a smart phone system connected to the network and achieve multi-function, to synchronize phone calls, text messages, e-mail, photos, music and so on. Smart watches on the market currently can be divided into two types: 1. without call features: relying on the connection of smart phones to achieve multi-function, synchronous operation of the phone in the phone, SMS, e-mail, photos, music, etc .; Call features: support for inserting SIM card, essentially the form of a smart phone watch; the market most of the use of Android systems, Apple also introduced in 2013, own smart watch Apple Watch.
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